Should Electric Vehicles Have Manufactured Noise?
Most drivers know that electric vehicles are the future, getting away from fossil fuel-burning petrol and diesel engines for more sustainable alternatives. But electric vehicles, or EVs, are not without their own problems, which are being ironed out as the vehicles evolve.
Electric Vehicles & Engine Noise
One such problem has been the quietness of the engines. For a pedestrian populace so used to the sounds emitted by petrol and diesel engines, the subdued sounds of the EV have been a big change - especially for the visually impaired community.
The electric vehicle (EV) market is booming, with record-breaking sales and a continually growing number of electric cars on the road. Electric car sales increased by 40% in 2022, and over one in ten new vehicles sold were electric. According to the latest vehicle stats, the number of new electric car registrations reached 267,203 in 2022, making up 16.6% of all new car sales, while plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) accounted for 6.3% or 101,414 cars.
As the number of EVs on the road continues to grow, there is a growing concern about the lack of noise these vehicles produce, particularly at low speeds. To address this, the EU introduced an electric car noise law in July 2019, requiring all new electric and hybrid vehicles to feature a noise-emitting device. As of July 2021, this ruling also applies to existing electric vehicles.
There was a fear that pedestrians couldn’t hear approaching vehicles, so all new types of four-wheel EVs must be fitted with an AVAS (acoustic vehicle alert system), a type of electric vehicle warning sound system, which makes a sound similar to a traditional engine. The AVAS must sound when the EV is reversing, or travelling at less than 18.6mph (30km/h). The minimum sound requirements for hybrid and electric vehicles are that a pedestrian should be able to hear the EV over background noises.
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Are electric cars too quiet?
The electric vehicle warning sounds which are now obligatory in all-new EV engines, and will imminently have to be adopted into existing EVs, are a safety mechanism to alert pedestrians when reversing and travelling at lower speeds, but some argue that EVs should use the electric car noise generator to create electric vehicle warning sounds at all speeds.
What sound do electric cars make?
How loud is an electric car? Naturally, it’s very quiet. Electric cars are quieter than diesel and petrol, with their internal combustion engines. The only noises that electric vehicles tend to make is the noise caused by their tyres or generated by wind resistance, and that only happens at higher speeds.
This meant that EVs were potentially more dangerous than existing petrol or diesel cars, with research suggesting that people were 40% more likely to be hit by an electric or hybrid car as opposed to a standard car.
The legislation now in place means that EV car’s AVAS should emit a sound at a minimum frequency of 56 Decibels - about the sound level of a conversation indoors, or an electric toothbrush. The sounds emitted must also be indicative of the car’s behaviour. That means, for example, that the pitch of the sound emitted should rise to illustrate that the car is accelerating.
Although some car manufacturers initially developed AVAS sounds which were more futuristic (Jaguar, for example, initially created an AVAS that sounded rather like a sci-fi spaceship - but unfortunately this made pedestrians look up, rather than at the road!), EU legislation now requires the sound to be continuous, and progressive. It must clearly be a car, which limits the amount of variation in sound that models emit.
Sound requirements, and also the responses of pedestrians, have led to most EV manufacturers creating sounds which sound mostly like an electric engine - but amplified. In the future, perhaps other sounds will begin to diversify the AVAS sound of EVs, potentially leading the customer to be able to identify the EV brand by its sound.
What cars have fake engine noise?
All (new) EVs have fake engine noise now, to adhere to EU regulations; but EVs are not the only cars which emit false engine sounds. Many drivers relate a roaring engine to soaring performance on the road, although today’s engines are so well built that this isn’t anymore the case.
Drivers, paradoxically, seem to want all the force and fuel-saving capacity of newer, better engines, but with the engine roar of a gas-guzzling old model. BMW uses their ‘Active Sound Design’ system, Volkswagen’s Golf R connects their Soundaktor system to a speaker in the cabin and Ford has an Active Noise Control system to magnify engine noise through the speakers in the F-150 pick-ups and the Mustang, as just three examples.
The trend, overall, is that engines are getting quieter, which looks to bring a new era of peace and quiet to our roads. Low-level sound will remain, for now, to keep us all safe on the roads. Happily, this suggests that we will enjoy more peace and quiet from road-noise, but pedestrians will also remain safe; a great balance designed to make the EV a future-focused vehicle choice.
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